The arrival of summer often heralds a unique addition to the soundscape: the rhythmic buzzing of cicadas. These seemingly ordinary insects create a symphony of sound that can be both captivating and overwhelming. But have you ever wondered if these buzzing insects pose any threat? This article delves into the fascinating world of cicadas, exploring the truth about their safety and the reasons behind their loud calls.

A Myth Busted: Are Cicadas Dangerous to Humans and Pets?

One common concern surrounding cicadas is their potential danger to humans and pets. Here's the good news: cicadas are not dangerous! They lack the physical attributes to inflict bites or stings. Their mouthparts are not designed for piercing skin, and they don't possess any venom.

While their buzzing can be loud and persistent, cicadas pose no threat to human health. In fact, they can be a valuable food source for a variety of animals, including birds, bats, and small mammals.

The Reason Behind the Buzz: Decoding Cicada Communication

Unlike many insects that use vocal cords for sound production, cicadas rely on a remarkable adaptation known as the tymbal. This specialized organ, located on the underside of their abdomen, functions like a drum. By rapidly contracting and relaxing powerful muscles attached to the tymbal's membranes, cicadas create vibrations that resonate and amplify into the buzzing sounds we hear.

The intricate structure of the tymbal allows cicadas to achieve an impressive level of sound production. Some cicada species can reach volumes exceeding 100 decibels, rivaling the noise of a lawnmower! This remarkable feat is further enhanced by resonating chambers within the cicada's body, which act as natural amplifiers to project the sound over long distances.

But why do cicadas create such a loud and persistent buzzing? The answer lies in communication.

Beyond Mating Calls: How Cicadas Use Sound for Defense

The seemingly monotonous buzz of cicadas actually holds a surprising level of complexity. Each species has its own unique song, characterized by specific patterns of clicks, chirps, and trills. These intricate melodies function as a language that cicadas use to communicate with each other.

The primary reason male cicadas produce their loud calls is to attract females. Each species has a specific song pattern that allows females to identify potential mates. The volume and complexity of the song can also indicate the size and health of the male, influencing the female's choice.

Cicada calls also play a role in establishing territory. The loud and persistent buzzing acts as a warning to other males, preventing them from encroaching on an established mating ground. Interestingly, some cicada calls may even function as a communication tool with predators. Certain clicks and chirps might serve as warning signals, deterring potential attacks.

The Intrigue of Periodical Cicadas: A Chorus Decades in the Making

Periodical cicadas are a truly remarkable phenomenon in the insect world. These fascinating creatures spend a significant portion of their lives underground, typically ranging from 13 to 17 years for different broods. During this extended period, they develop as nymphs, feeding on the roots of trees. Once they reach maturity, they emerge en masse in a synchronized event that can transform entire landscapes with their buzzing presence.

The synchronized emergence of periodical cicadas is a marvel of biological adaptation. It is believed that this strategy evolved as a defense mechanism against predators. By emerging in massive numbers, periodical cicadas overwhelm potential predators such as birds and bats. The sheer abundance makes it difficult for predators to focus on any single cicada, significantly increasing the survival rate of the brood.

The synchronized chorus also plays a role in mate finding for periodical cicadas. With such a large number of individuals emerging at once, the chances of a male encountering a receptive female are greatly increased. The volume of the chorus ensures that females can easily locate potential mates within the vast brood.

It's important to note that not all cicadas exhibit this synchronized emergence. Annual cicadas emerge in smaller numbers each year, relying on different strategies for mating and survival.

When Does Cicada Season End? - A Farewell to the Buzz

Now that we've explored the wonders of cicada communication and dispelled the myth of their danger, a question naturally arises: when does cicada season finally end? The answer depends on the specific type of cicada:

• Periodical Cicadas:  For these synchronized emergers, the buzzing bonanza typically lasts for about four to six weeks. After a short period of mating and egg-laying, the adults die off. Once they've served their purpose, the peace and quiet gradually return.
• Annual Cicadas: These cicadas emerge in smaller numbers each year, and their season can vary depending on the species and climate. Generally, they appear in late spring or early summer and remain active for a few weeks before succumbing to natural causes.

Here are some additional factors that can influence the duration of cicada season:

• Weather: Warmer temperatures tend to accelerate cicada development and shorten their lifespan above ground. Conversely, cooler weather can prolong their emergence and activity period.
• Predation: If a large number of cicadas fall prey to predators early in the season, the overall buzzing may subside more quickly.

The Vital Role of Cicadas: A Boon to the Ecosystem

While the constant buzzing of cicadas can be a source of amusement or mild annoyance for humans, these insects play a vital role in the ecosystem. Here's how they contribute:

• Nutrient Cycling: As cicadas decompose after their emergence, their bodies return essential nutrients to the soil. This process helps to replenish the soil and promotes healthy plant growth.
• Food Source for Predators: Cicadas provide a valuable food source for a variety of animals, including birds, bats, small mammals, and even some reptiles. Their abundance during emergence periods helps to support healthy predator populations.
• Pollination: While not their primary function, some cicada species can inadvertently contribute to pollination as they move from flower to flower in search of fluids.

Fun Facts and Folklore: Unveiling the Cultural Significance of Cicadas

Cicadas have captured the human imagination for centuries, featuring prominently in folklore and mythology around the world. Their long underground development and dramatic emergence have inspired a variety of stories and beliefs:

• Ancient Greece: In Greek mythology, cicadas were associated with music and poetry. They were believed to be the nymphs of the Muses, the goddesses of inspiration in the arts.
• Native American Cultures: Many Native American tribes viewed cicadas as symbols of rebirth and renewal. Their cyclical appearance after long periods underground resonated with themes of life, death, and resurrection.
• Japan: In Japanese culture, cicadas are seen as symbols of perseverance and resilience. Their persistent buzzing is interpreted as a reminder to keep striving for one's goals.
• China: In China, cicadas hold a place of significance in traditional medicine. Their exoskeletons were once used in various remedies, believed to possess healing properties.

Appreciating Cicadas as Beneficial Members of the Environment

The next time you hear the rhythmic buzzing of cicadas, take a moment to appreciate these fascinating insects. They are not dangerous creatures, but rather vital contributors to the health and balance of our ecosystems. From their complex communication to their role in nutrient cycling and supporting predator populations, cicadas play a unique and irreplaceable role in the circle of life.

So, the next time you encounter a cicada, remember the remarkable story it embodies – a story of resilience, adaptation, and the intricate web of life on Earth.